Diploma in Computer Application (DCA) Theory and Practical (Day-1)

 DCA 'Diploma in Computer Application' 

क्या आप भी घर पर रह कर Computer सीखना चाहते है Free में तो इस पोस्ट को पूरा पड़े और दिए गए Link पर Click कर Lab करना सीखें।

  Free में Computer Course DCA सीखे।

Note : आपको 30 दिन तक लगातार मेरा वेबसाइट पर आना हैं DCA  सिखने के लिए 

  Introduction to Computer

Meaning of Computer:-

Nowadays, computers are an integral part of our lives. they are used for the reservation of tickets for airplanes and railways, payment of electricity and telephone bills deposit and withdrawal of money from banks, processing of business data, searching for information on the internet, etc. Computers are also used movies industry, scientific research, law firms, fashion industry, schools, universities etc.

A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations.

Definition:- 

Computer is an advanced electronic device especially a programmable electronic machine that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical ) calculations.

The term "Computer" is derived from the Greek word "Compute". The word compute means to calculate. Computer performs both simple and complex operations, with speed and accuracy. It differs from a calculator in being able to store a program and to store and retrieve information in its memory without human help.

Function of Computer:-

While the functions and applications of a computer are almost endless, we can sense four primary purposes that are all linked to data (information) : Entering data, manipulating data, viewing processed data, and storing data. Computers are designed to transform raw data into information. The computer operates under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit and can accept inputted data, process it arithmetically and through sequenced based logic, produce information, and store the results for future use. All the applications of a computer derive from this basic starting point.

Basically any computer is supposed to carry out four functions:

• Accepting the data as an input.
• Storing the data and instructions in its memory and recalling the same as and when required.
• Processing the data as per instruction to convert it into useful information.
• Communicating the information as output.

All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple equations.

COMPUTER SYSTEM=HARDWARE+SOFTWARE+USER

Computer Device : The Hardware

All the physical components of a computer which we can see, touch and feel in the computer system are as known as hardware. Such physical components may be used for sen, store, manipulate and show the data. A computer consists of three main components:-

• Input/Output Unit
• Central Processing Unit
• Memory Unit

Input/Output Deices

A computer interacts with the external environment via the input-output devices attached to it. Input device is used for providing data and instructions to the computer. After processing the input data, computer provides output to the user via the output device. The I/O devices that are attached, externally, to the computer machine are also called peripheral devices.

The I/O unit is composed of two parts -Input unit and Output unit.

Input Unit :

This unit is input into the data into the computer is called Input Unit.

            Different kinds of input and output devices are used for different kinds of input and output devises are used for different kinds of input and output requirements. The devices which are used to input information or instruction into the computers are called input devices. These are electromagnetically and peripheral device that converts symbols that people understand into bits that computers can process. There are dozens of possible input devices, which are below:

• Keyboard
• Mouse 
• Trackball
• Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR)
• Optical Character Reader (OCR)
• Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
• Bar Code Reader (BCR)
• Scanner
• Light Pen
• Touch Screen
• Vice Input Devices
• Joystick
• We Camera
• Graphic Tablet

Output Unit:

This devices are processed the data input the computer is called Output unit.

                    Output devices provide output to the user, which is generated after processing the input data. The processed data, presented to the user via the output devices could be text, graphics, audio or video. The output could be on a paper or on film in tangible form, or in an intangible form as audio, video and electronic form. Output devices.There are various type of output devices, which are below:

• Monitors
• Printers
• Voice response systems

Central Processing Unit

The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually it's rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the "Brain" of you computer. Another  component is Random Access Memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on.

It is the part of the  the computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It is the unit that reads and executes program instructions. CPU controls, coordinates and supervises the operations of computer. It is responsible for processing of the input data. CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU). Additionally, CPU also has a set of registers for temporary storage of data, instructions. addresses and intermediate results of calculation. The CPU consists of:

• Memory Unit
• Arithmetic and Logical Unit
• Control Unit

Memory Unit/Storage Devices

Computers are useful and efficient because of its fast processing, diligence. and large storage capacity. When we say storage capacity of computers we mean the ability to recall all information feed into the computers storage devices. Computer stores its data & information is its memory. In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic. Storage Devices are the data storage devices that are used in the computers to store the data. The computer has many types of data storage devices. Some of them can be classified as the removable data Storage Devices and the others as the non removable data Storage Devices.

There are Three types Computer Memory

1. Primary Memory
2. Cache Memory and
3. Secondary Memory

Primary Memory :  The Primary memory is the volatile memory. A memory that is directly associated with the CPU before being the actually processing the data, the data is to be stored in some storage area. This storage area is known as primary storage. It is also referred to as internal storage or main memory. Primary Memory holds only those data and instructions on which computer is currently working. It has limited capacity and gets lost when power is switched off.

Cache Memory: Cache Memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory, which can speed up CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by CPU. The parts of data and programs are transferred from disk to cache memory by operating system, from where CPU can access them.

Secondary Memory: secondary storage technology refers to storage devices and storage media that are not always directly accessible by a computer. For permanent storage of data, Secondary storage device can be used with a PC System. Secondary storage is also reordered to as External Storage. Storage is non-volatile which means it retains information even when it is powered off. It storage programs which run the PC as well as data, which is a digital from of everything you use like documents, music, pictures, etc.

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